What is varicose veins on the legs

Problems with the vascular system of the feet are in more than half of the planet's population. The largest discomfort gives patients with a phlebologist varicose veins on their feet. The pathology is characterized by a decrease in the tone of the walls of the blood vessels and the enlargement of their lumen. As a result of the hanging of the veins of the legs, the reverse flow of blood in the human body is disturbed. In what complications it includes varicose veins and how to fight it properly, we understand under our material.

General characteristics and causes of varicose veins

The covers in the operation of the vascular system of the legs are initially formed against the background of improper operation of the venous valves. It is worth knowing here that because of the power of gravity, blood from the heart flows freely to the lower limbs. In the opposite direction, the blood flow moves under the influence of natural pressure, which creates the walls of healthy vessels. This wave is enough to overcome the power of earthly attraction.

If the tone of the blood vessels is disturbed, then the body makes every effort to push the blood up the vessels. That is, it independently increases blood pressure (blood pressure). From such "efforts" venous valves work worse without completely closing their wings with every stroke of the human heart. In this case, the blood is actively enters from deep veins into superficial, which causes their additional re -compromise.

The causes of varicose veins of the lower limbs are the following factors:

• Heredity (transmission of the disease through a male or female line).
• Hormonal malfunctions against the background of autoimmune processes, pregnancy, birth or diseases of the reproductive system.
• A sedentary type of activity or vice versa associated with long standing of the legs.
• A sedentary lifestyle.
• Excess weight (obesity).
• Power exercises with lifting weights from sitting or squat.
• Smoking and drinking alcohol.
• A long stay under the right rays of the sun.

Symptoms and the first signs

Symptoms of varicose veins may vary to one degree or another, depending on the general condition of the patient and the course of the disease. Moreover, the signs of pathology are not always obvious. The only common characteristic of varicose veins is a condition called the term "heavy legs". That is, at any of the stages of the pathology, the patient feels the weight at the end of the working day or even in the morning after sleep.

I and II Stage of varicose veins: signs and symptoms

The initial stages of the vascular pathology of the legs are characterized by special signs. So, the following symptoms are observed in stage 1:

• vascular model in the form of stars or blinking on the legs;
• Swelling of the feet after wearing shoes and even socks;
• night spasms in the calf muscle;
• Fatigue and weight in the legs.

At 2 stages of pathology, the patient forms the following symptoms:

• Swelling of the veins after long walking in uncomfortable shoes or after prolonged standing;
• Visualization of the vessels enlarged in the volume of the vessels;
• protruding and convex nodes in the veins of the legs;
• itching in places of inflamed veins;
• Redness of the skin.

III and IV stage of varicose veins

Progressive varicose veins are already characterized by signs of complications. The picture looks as follows:

1. Stage 3. Against the background of the above symptoms, the patient accompanies almost constant swelling of the legs. Sometimes it can fall to the morning.
2. Stage 4. The patient in the redness of the skin begins with the onset of ulcer formations. The place of the future trophic ulcer is covered with whitish, as if with a lacquered plaque. During his injury, a trophic ulcer opens, which runs almost constant. The situation is dangerous in that ulcers can be infected a second time, which leads to maintenance of inflammation sites.

When to see a doctor and what

At the first symptoms of the initial stages of varicose veins, you should contact a phlebologist. This doctor deals with blood vessels. If there is no such doctor in your clinic, you can consult an angiosur or just a surgeon. It should be understood that in the initial stages of stopping the process of developing varicose veins with conservative methods is quite possible. The competent treatment tactics and adherence to all your doctor's recipes will allow you to feel light in your legs again.

Diagnostics

For competent and effective treatment of varicose veins on the legs, you should initially make an accurate diagnosis. That is, to identify the degree of vascular problem. The following methods are used to diagnose the pathology of the veins of the legs:

1. Visual examination of the patient's feet with mandatory palpation of visible vessels.
2. Ultrasound Doppler or flomers, which allows the doctor to evaluate the blood velocity on the vessels and overall employment of the veins of the legs.
3. Scanning the vessels of the legs. It also allows you to evaluate the condition of the valve system and the veins themselves.
4. Thermography. In this case, infrared radiation is used for diagnosis.
5. Echosklerotherapy. The essence of the methodology is the introduction of a sclerosing substance in small doses and additional examination of the vessels for inflamed areas.
6. Flboography is a computer. The technique has the principle of standard MRI.
7. Flboscintigraphy. Here, experts use special radionuclides to study lymphatic and venous leg systems.

Methods of treating lower limbs

Drug therapy

You can treat varicose veins in the initial stages with the help of medicines. And quite effective. The type and name of the drug are selected depending on the severity of the patient's condition.

For external (local) use, the phlebologist may prescribe medicines in the form of gels, creams or ointments.

Also, oral administration is prescribed anticoagulant preparations that successfully thin out the blood and prevent blood clots from forming.

Against the background of targeted therapy, the patient is prescribed for the treatment of varicose veins that support the work of the vascular and circulatory systems. So such medicines and supplements are shown:

1. Vitamins. More special, Vitamin C and Group V vitamins.
2. The iron is non -steroidal anti -inflammatory. Perfectly remove the inflammatory process and reduce the redness of the skin.
3. Angioprotectors. Assignment to improve the tone of veins and reduce the permeability of the capillaries.

Surgical treatment of varicose veins with minimally invasive and complete operative methods

The 3-4 stages of varicose veins indicate the surgery to remove patients with vessels that interfere with normal blood flow. Depending on the initial condition of the patient, one of the minimally invasive techniques or complete surgery may be used.

Sclerotherapy

This non -surgical type of procedure consists in the introduction of special wanderers (phlebosleic substances) into the lumen of the veins. Their base is alcohols. As a rule, all these drugs are strictly intended for intravenous administration by injection. Such substances cause the destruction of the general endothelial (internal) layer of the vessel and its more narrow narrowing (sclerosis). As a result, the lumen of the vessel is either significantly reduced or completely glued.

Most often doctors use such medicines:

• Soap fatty acids and salt. These are vacation, Silpizole, Sotradicol, Trombovar or Varicosan.
• Cell poisons. This is a quretan, a decision of a qualified 1-5 %, a view, etc.
• Hypertensive compounds that dehydrate the intimacy of the veins. The sodium salicylate solution is 20-40 %, sodium bromide 30 %, sodium chloride 24 %.
• Organic cauterizing solutions. Ethyl alcohol, glucose solution 66 %or dextrose.

Combined phlebectomy

A similar surgery technique involves the use of several techniques at the same time. But first, the patient in an upright position marks the location of all inflamed veins to be removed. Marking is carried out under the control of the ultrasound of the vessels of the legs.

The following stages of surgery are used with complex phlebectomy:

• Krolectomy. Otherwise, the procedure is called a dressing and parallel intersection of the small and/or large subcutaneous vein. The dressing is done in the area of sauces with deep vessels of the legs. The crowdomy is performed through the cut cut, formed in the area of the inguinal fold. Its length is 3-5 cm. Then the surgeon marks a large subcutaneous vein until it falls into the femur and pulls the veins of the veins. The BPV trunk (large subcutaneous vein) intersects. Only her stump remains about 5 mm. Then, from this inguinal section, the surgeon conducts the following stage of the operation - undressing.
• Undressing. Or, otherwise, the removal of the trunks of a large or small subcutaneous vein. It is performed by two endoscopic cuts located on both ends of the inflamed vein. In this case, an inguinal incision is already present. It introduces a special probe into the cavity of an inflamed container, which has a special thick olive with a cutting edge at the end. The probe moves to the end of the area of inflamed vessel and is sewn there. Then the surgeon pulls the diseased vessel, as if he turned it from the inside out. In parallel with the cutting olive cuts the vein from the surrounding tissues and capillaries. This method of removing the diseased vein is the most reliable, but at the same time very traumatic, since the surrounding vessel of the tissue suffers.
• Liquidation (dressing) of perforated veins. In this case, the surgeon simply connects perforated veins through small skin cuts with a size of 1-2 cm.
• Miniyphobectomy. The method for removing varicose veins (small areas) and enlarged nodes through small endoscopic areas. It is performed if there is no need to remove large or small subcutaneous veins.

Conservative treatment

Diet in the treatment of varicose veins

To increase the tone of the walls of blood vessels and significantly dilute the blood, you need to review your diet. You need to refuse such products:

• Alcohol in any form
• Fat and smoked meals,
• Grenades in excess,
• Oily refined oils.

To improve the condition of your leg veins, you can and should eat such products:

• Onion is included
• Honey,
• grape
• tomatoes,
• Fruits and fruits for the season.

An abundant drinking regimen with a speed of 30 ml of 1 kg of patient weight is also shown.

Smoking

It is important to understand that smoking contributes to the formation of blood clots and significantly disrupts blood coagulation. At the same time, not only blood components, but also the walls of the blood vessels suffer. Their elasticity is significantly reduced, which does not play on the hand of a patient with varicose veins. Therefore, in order not to worsen the situation, it is necessary to abandon the sinister habit as soon as possible.

Compression linen (socks, golf, tights)

Compression knitwear is one of the effective ways to prevent more progression of varicose veins. Such lingerie (golf, socks and tights) evenly distributes the intensity of blood flow to the heart. As a result, the load on the walls of the vessels is significantly reduced and the lumen of patients with veins returns to a relatively normal condition. It is very important to understand that the compression formula built into knitwear repeats precisely the load that the calf muscles can form during intensive movement of the legs. That is, the blood in the veins of the lower limbs does not stagnate even with a sedentary lifestyle. At the same time, all compression linen in terms of compression intensity is classified into 4 types:

1. Preventive knitwear. It has a compression level of 10 to 18 mm Hg. Art. It is shown to wear persons with a genetic predisposition to varicose veins.
2. The first class of knitwear. The degree of compression in this case is 18-22 mm Hg. Art. It is used in the initial stage of varicose veins and to prevent varicose veins with increased exercise with weight lifting or with excessive body weight.
3. The second class of knitwear. Compression level - 23-32 mm Hg. Such underwear is indicated for thrombophlebitis or for varicose veins formed against the background of surgery.
4. The third class of knitwear. The compression here is 33-46 mm Hg. Art. Shown by deep vein thrombosis or after surgery.
5. Fourth grade. Elastic linen has a compression degree of 49 mm Hg. Art. Such knitwear is worn in severe forms of thrombosis or lymphostasis to improve lymphatic drainage.

Folk methods for treating varicose veins

If varicose veins have not given complications and the treatment of pathology is performed only medicines, then it can be used as therapy and folk methods. You can also use both compresses and oral consumption tinctures. Below, think about the most popular variants of folk treatment of varicose veins.

Herbal fees and tinctures

To use homeopathy, you can use such herbs and plants:

1. Chestnut. The tincture is prepared from it. Pour 10 g. Crushed chestnut fruits 100 ml of vodka. All are placed in glass containers and insist on about 10 days in a dark place. The mixture is shaken periodically. After the deadline, the agent is hammered and takes 15-20 drops a day before meals (morning and evening).
2. Salandin. In the form of a compress, the dressing in the juice of the plant is required and applied in the form of a compress. The border is fixed for 4 hours, then washed with warm water. The course of therapy is a week. Then take a break for 10 days and repeat the treatment. The complex is three such courses.
3. Fern. Here they take yogurt (3 tablespoons of chairs) and dry grass (3 tablespoons of dining rooms). Everything is mixed and spread according to the gauze. The base is applied to the inflamed leg and fixed with a dressing for three hours. This treatment technique is best used in the evening before going to bed.
4. Chamomile pharmacy. A decoction is made from the plant (2 tablespoons of grass are placed on a glass of boiling water). The product is then insisted for 30-40 minutes and Pzhed. The finished infusion is used as a fluid for compresses. Chamomile removes vascular stars and similar models well.

Conclusion

It is worth remembering that varicose veins - pathology is irreversible. Therefore, it is now advisable to think about the health of your feet and essentially change lifestyle. Remember that your leg health depends only on you. Especially if there is a predisposition to the development of pathology.